So, some people mentioned already that itkinda looks like a marigold. But somehow no one mentioned that marigolds are annual plants. It is completely normal for them die when the summer is over. In theory they should do that after forming seeds, which yours doesn't really look like it has done yet (or not yet complted). But if it was indoors or you live somewhere where the conditions for a fertilization aren't right, it would still die without having formed seeds before.
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First step is to identify it and see what kind of conditions it likes. I don’t recognize it though.
Overwatering is usually from too frequent watering, not necessarily too much at one time, as long as drainage is adequate.
Since you noticed it struggling after not being watered, my guess is it hasn’t been getting enough. Most plants like soil that is moist but not soggy, so just check on it regularly and water when it feels dry unless you learn it likes something different.
It kinda looks like a marigold to me. If the leaves are crunchy, it’s underwatered. There’s a chance that some of it is still alive so you may see some small growth start to pop up - but usually, everything that’s crunchy is totally dead. If it’s mushy or limp, it’s underwatered - which unfortunately is probably worse.
I think this looks like a Marigold, but not sure what specific kind. Certain kinds do get quite big and don't do well in pots.
That being said, it looks like there are two or three stems at least there and this pot may be a little small for this plant. I don't know exactly how dead it might be but it may liven up with a bit more room. Marigolds like loamy soil. A combination of dirt, sand and clay that also drains well. Maybe try a bigger pot and see if it perks up.
You’ll want to deadhead it by removing any dying blooms about a 1/4” to 1/2” down from the top of each stem. You will also want to cut back any stems which only have dead, crispy leaves. Leave the partially alive leaves as the plant can either make use of what remains or draw back the nutrients left in them if it needs to.
Try to water it every morning while it is still cool. Error on the side of giving it too much water at once over watering it multiple times per day. Stick your finger in the dirt before you go to water it. Pull your finger out and check if the soil feels moist or muddy. If it does, you will want to skip watering that day.
Mistakes happen when it comes to watering. If it happens again, fill up some Tupperware or a large bowl with water and place the pot the marigolds are in into the water for a little bit. This will quickly rehydrate the soil and the plant (assuming there are holes on the bottom of the pot).
After you’ve trimmed it back and taken care of its water needs, watch to see if it bounces back. Being honest, there is a small chance it could completely die at this point.
Look for new stems and buds at this point. If it looks like it’s bouncing back, give it liquid plant food or fertilizer. You will want fertilizer/ food which is high in phosphorus. Avoid high nitrogen fertilizers, otherwise it may make more leaves than blooms.
Also, consider repotting it into a 12” pot if it bounces back.
That pot looks a little small. Maybe transplant into something larger?
I'd water it a bit more and put it in a bigger pot. Looks dry and a bit stressed by overgrowing it's container.