It depend on your morphology I guess: for me below 15km rides, I can wear jeans and it's fine, but above that it starts to be painful. When I'm touring I really enjoy having my cycling pant, even a cheap one does the job perfectly for me. But again, I have a quite large distance between my ischium bones, so the same may not apply to everyone.
bzah
I think that's unfair, in a city for example every equipment made for bikes, like a bridge above a road with lots of traffic or smooth road crossings, make the life of disabled easier too. I'm thinking about wheelchairs, but I guess it's true even for people who struggle with walking too. And to me, the "fuck cars" Utopia is certainly way more inclusive for the disabled than the current situation.
It's the same for us in France. We barely get any news from Germany, apart from who is the current chancellor and the big headlines. I now live in Germany and it feels very strange to have so few knowledge of the politics of where I live (my german is way too weak for now to properly understand it)
I don't play that much any more sadly, only one evening per week with the buddies but BG3 looks very appealing. Do you think it can be enjoyed casually ?
It seems the temperature has been slightly hotter about 6500 years ago for a period of around 2 centuries with temperature estimated between +0.8 and +1.8 °C compared to 19th century, but this is subject to debate, (see for example https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-020-0530-7).
Before that, we have to go back to a period where most Homo Sapiens were living in Africa about 125,000 years ago, where warming was likely +0.5 to +1.5°C compared to the same 19th century baseline.
Regardless if there was periods much hotter in the long past, the big difference with today's situation is the rate at which this warming is taking place. For example, for the "6500 years ago" period, it took about 3000 years of warming to go from +0 to it's maximum (which is between +0.8 and +1.8 °C). Today we are at about +1.1°C and it took us only 100 years, through fossil fuels burning and farming to reach that and most of which happened in the past 50 years.
Sources:
- IPCC WG1, figure2_1
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-020-0530-7
Also, about oxygen 16 and oxygen 18:
The water remaining in the ocean develops increasingly higher concentration of heavy oxygen compared to the universal standard, and the ice develops a higher concentration of light oxygen. Thus, high concentrations of heavy oxygen in the ocean tell scientists that light oxygen was trapped in the ice sheets. The exact oxygen ratios can show how much ice covered the Earth. Sources:
- https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/Paleoclimatology_OxygenBalance which is based on https://hal.science/hal-03334828/file/jgrD1994Jouzel25791.pdf
- You may also find this wikipedia article useful https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9418O#Extrapolation_of_temperature
Where I was working Excel was used for the specification of scientific data. You get stuff like thousands of rows in several sheets themselves in multiple files that inherit from one another and everything is edited by hand... And I maintained a tool that combined them to create binary files from this mess. Lot of fun.