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submitted 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago) by L0Wigh@sh.itjust.works to c/linux@lemmy.ml

Hi everyone!

I saw that NixOS is getting popularity recently. I really have no idea why and how this OS works. Can you guys help me understanding all of this ?

Thanks !

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[-] federico3@lemmy.ml 6 points 1 year ago

It's in no way "everyone", just a vocal minority.

[-] Eufalconimorph@lemmy.ml 2 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago)

I use ~~Arch~~ NixOS BTW.

[-] lloram239@feddit.de 5 points 1 year ago

NixOS is the only[1] Linux distribution that feels like it is build around Free Software. Meaning upstream Git repositories can be treated as first-class citizen and installed directly without convoluted binary packaging system (that still exists in the background, but only as cache to speed up build times). Nix also makes it very easy to upgrade, downgrade, side grade, patch, override dependencies or otherwise change packages, or even just keep multiple versions of the same software around. Something many other distributions still struggle with or make completely impossible with the distributions own tools. Even the act of installing software in Nix becomes somewhat unnecessary, as you can just run software straight from the Git repository.

And best of all, it's all based on a very simple and transparent packaging system, if you ever used GNU stow, kind of like that, it's all held together with a bunch of symlinks and some environment variables. No contains, no ostree, none of those ugly workarounds, just plain old Unix stuff that you can find and grep through as much as you like.

Simply put, NixOS puts the joy back in Linux, while other distributions like Ubuntu try to actively trash their reputation with a proprietary App store and others like Debian just stagnate around and are still stuck with the same old packing system that was state of the art 25 years ago and hasn't improve much at all since than. NixOS just provides a dramatically cleaner and simpler approach that also happens to be vastly more powerful.

Another cool thing, if you don't wanna switch distributions just yet and reinstall the full NixOS, you can just use the Nix package manager itself on whatever distribution you are already using.

[1] There is also GNU Guix, which is basically a reimplementation of Nix with Guile/Scheme

[-] featherfurl@lemmy.ml 4 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago)

Here's the straightforward version of why I use it:

  1. The entire state of your operating system is defined in a config file, and changes are made by changing the config file. This makes it super easy to reproduce your exact system many times and to know where all the many different configuration elements that describe your system are located.

  2. Updates are applied atomically, so you don't have to worry about interrupting the update process and if it fails, the previous state of your system is still bootable. By default every time you change something, you get another option in the boot menu to roll back to.

  3. Making container-like sub systems is super easy when you're familiar with nix, so you can have as many different enclaves as you like for different software versions, development environments, desktop setups, whatever without taking a performance hit. Old versions of stuff are very accessible without breaking your new stuff.

  4. The package manager has a lot of software and accessing nonfree stuff is straightforward. Guix looks rad, but nix ended up being the more practical compromise for my usecase. I didn't want to have to package a heap of software the moment I made the switch.

[-] SolemnAttic@feddit.de 1 points 1 year ago

This very much. I used to have lots of unchecked config and state files everywhere on Arch. Now everything is checked in and wiped on boot so if something breaks after a reboot i know what broke.

Like how the opengl rendering did due to nixpkgs version differences

[-] Syudagye@pawb.social 3 points 1 year ago

SYMLINKS

SYMLINKS EVERYWHERE

(also 6000 packages intalled on my system for some reason lol)

[-] Atemu@lemmy.ml 1 points 1 year ago

Well, Nix has a very liberal definition of a "package". Your web browser, its wrapper script, a service file, a config file; those are all technically "packages" (or "derivation" as Nix calls them).

[-] Faresh@lemmy.ml 1 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago)

Doesn't it have a garbage collector like guix does (guix gc), which cleans up everything in the store that isn't needed anymore?

[-] zwerdlds@lemmy.ml 1 points 1 year ago

Yep, Nix-store -gc or some such will do something like this.

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[-] JASN_DE@feddit.de 3 points 1 year ago

everyone

Now that's what I'd call a stretch...

[-] barsoap@lemm.ee 5 points 1 year ago

Indeed, why would I switch, already have been running NixOS for 10+ years.

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[-] fazo96@lemmy.trippy.pizza 3 points 1 year ago

I have been using for years on servers. My lemmy instance is hosted on it.

Although for desktop I had too many issues back in 2019 so I ended up back to Arch Linux and then EndeavourOS

Would be fun to try again to use it on desktop

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[-] mrh@mander.xyz 3 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago)

I daily drive GNU Guix instead, and I would strongly recommend any emacs and/or lisp enthusiasts interested in the benefits of functional, reproducible, declarative, and hackable system management to give it a try!

[-] ncrranger@sh.itjust.works 2 points 1 year ago

Do you run the gnu guix distro or just use the package manager? Because iirc it uses only free software, even for drivers. So I imagine it is not that easy to find compatible hardware.

[-] mrh@mander.xyz 2 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago)

I run the complete system. It's true that the standard iso comes with the linux-libre kernel and the standard channel (think repo) contains only free software. However there is the nonguix channel which comes with the full linux kernel, and all the proprietary drivers you could ask for.

Nonguix offer an iso with the full kernel too in case you have a proprietary wifi card and don't have ethernet for the initial setup. The nonguix README I think is pretty clear, but Systemcrafters also made an excellent guide for doing this.

My wifi card unfortunately requires proprietary drivers and I have personally never had an issue with guix + nonguix for all my software needs, proprietary and otherwise.

Hope that helps profligate!

[-] noisytoot@lemmy.ml 1 points 1 year ago

Does it actually require proprietary drivers or just proprietary firmware? I don't know of any wifi cards that actually require proprietary drivers on Linux.

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[-] le_saucisson_masque@lemmy.world 2 points 1 year ago

I keep seeing trends with Linux distribution like teenager looking for new fashion.

I think it’s mostly the very young Linux user who hope from one distribution to the another over and over whereas many just stick with what they got : Ubuntu, Debian, mint, maybe fedora.

NixOS is certainly interesting tho.

[-] IncidentalIncidence@feddit.de 2 points 1 year ago

I didn't get it either, but this video does a pretty good job explaining why it's different: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMQWirkx5EY

[-] TrippyTortuga@lemmy.ml 2 points 1 year ago

I will switch as soon as I can get proprietary Nvidia drivers to work on my laptop.

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[-] Tilted@programming.dev 2 points 1 year ago

I used NixOS for a couple of years. My experience is like this:

  1. It is a rolling release (mostly)
  2. You write a declarative configuration for your system, e.g., my config will say I want Neovim with certain plugins, and I can also include my Neovim configuration
  3. It is stable, and when it breaks it is easy to go back
  4. Packages are mostly bleeding edge
[-] Atemu@lemmy.ml 2 points 1 year ago

Note that there's both the rolling unstable channel and a bi-annual stable release channel.

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[-] Lalelul@feddit.de 2 points 1 year ago

I switched around one and a half years ago. I must say, there are some hurdles to using NixOS. Mainly I dislike that it always takes around 20 times the effort to start and project. You make up for the initial time investment, because you end up with a far more stable setup, but still it does take some willpower to get things started.

[-] syboxez@lemmy.world 2 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago)

NixOS is a fully declarative and reproducable system.

What this means is that you can create a single configuration.nix, which includes all of your applications, settings, aliases, environment variables, user account + groups, etc., and copy that over to another NixOS machine (including different architectures) and run nixos-rebuild boot to completely reproduce the system on that other machine.

The nix package manager is also really good at telling you if the configuration will break anything, where, and how, and refuses to apply until the issue is fixed.

Also every time you use nixos-rebuild, it creates a new generation of your NixOS install meaning if something ends up breaking, you can reboot into the old system.

So for example, I can theoretically have the exact same configuration across my desktop, laptop, phone, server, etc., minus the automatically generated hardware-configuration.nix, which is specific to the hardware.

Also Nix supports package overlays, which means that you can modify an existing package while the maintainer still keeps it up to date.

[-] thenonymousrexius@lemmy.dbzer0.com 3 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago)

Oh boy my two cents time!

I love the concept of NixOS. A fully declarative , reproduceable system from a single config repo! Sounds theoretically like it would be my kind of thing.

Sure, theoretically, I could have a fully reproduceable system. The time spent declaring that fully reproduceable system though... I remember the first time I was trying to get my usual disk setup of, a luks encrypted btrfs partition with multi-factor enabled decryption/authentication.

On a normal install it would take like a day at worse to install your distro. My first attempt with NixOS took me almost 4 days of screwing around in configs. 2 of those days were probably cumulatively spent waiting for the config option list of the nixos manual to search for text. And the number of redundant config options which all do the same thing! Or, are supposed to all do the same thing but in actuality, only one of them does the thing they are supposed to.

I really want to love NixOS but it always ends up feeling like an exercise in my patience and time to do even the simplest of things. As such I find myself asking the question of, am I going to spend so much time reinstalling my distro that it's ever worth this initial investment?

Anyways, rant over. I actually have been debating switching back over for another try again myself I just have some very frustrating memories of my first attempts with the distro.

[-] Laser@feddit.de 2 points 1 year ago

Interesting, my first install of NixOS was done in a few hours and included a feature that I had not used in my previous Arch install, namely secure boot. It proved to be no issue whatsoever.

I do agree though that you're looking of lost without search.nixos.org, and documentation is lacking. E.g. did you know that enabling Plasma sets your main font to Noto, regardless if you're actually using Plasma or just have it as an option in your display manager? Or when to enable a program or service rather than adding it to your system packages? Or that if you install plain obs and some plugins, the plugins won't actually work?

I do understand why this is the way it is and I do think it's the better approach. But it's not perfect.

On the other hand, my system works very well in daily usage.

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[-] curtismchale@lemmy.ca 1 points 1 year ago

I've been looking at it after numerous times I update Fedora only to have some tool break that I use daily. Then I spend a chunk of the day getting Virtualbox working again so I can do my job (write code for websites).

I haven't made the jump, but it looks very interesting.

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[-] datendefekt@lemmy.ml 1 points 1 year ago

Glancing over the website, I thought it's an immutable OS, like Fedora Silverblue. I could imagine that it might be cool to use with Ansible and stuff. But for an average user? I can't really see the advantages in respect to the work you have to put in.

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[-] count0@lemmy.dbzer0.com 1 points 1 year ago

For those who like a video format, I found this introduction quite informative.

[-] Clairvoidance@kbin.social 1 points 1 year ago

Having the option to have multiple versions of a dependency without needing to have duplicates of the same version alá flatpak seems like it should've been a no-brainer on any linux distro.
With that said I'm very comfortable with my current system, so definitely not until I get majorly fucked by my life-choices
Definitely sounds like a competent player in comparison to most distros though.

And I feel like the terminal isn't as big a barrier as everyone makes it out to be (part of why I say that is because I think the entire concept of "beginner friendly distros" only makes the terminal seem more impenetrable through that wording)

All-in-one config is definitely something I would've hoped Arch had as well, and as a bonus I would love a system that kept all things related to the user in /home (I'm not completely sure Nix does but I may as well throw that in) (homed does not do that as it still has entities outside of /home that you better back up, in fact you'll risk being locked out of your user if you don't)

[-] Atemu@lemmy.ml 2 points 1 year ago

as a bonus I would love a system that kept all things related to the user in /home

https://github.com/nix-community/home-manager ;)

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this post was submitted on 19 Jun 2023
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