This could be the I/O overhead caused by docker while using NAT networking: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21889053/what-is-the-runtime-performance-cost-of-a-docker-container#26149994
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That's a large penalty, wow.
It's huge for networking. VPN gateway (for accessing the VPN WAN over LAN) on the host is 20-40% faster than dockerized...
I'm using NAT for sure. All my containers are on a different subnet than the host.
The article your linked is citing a paper from 2014. Seems hard the believe the network stack hasn't been significantly reworked in 10 years. That being said I don't have anything to refute this.
Does the above still apply if using a glutun VPN docker with other containers connecting directly to glutun?
One thing I found when testing.my settings was reducing the number of connections can cause better results. Is the speed your getting through the test button or actual downloads? The test also tests other things for the bottleneck so maybe something else is being the bottleneck like disk speeds.
Actual downloads going to the same storage array as the previous system. Same NFS lun even. I'll try the test button and playing with the number of connections. Thanks! Will report back.