Software: First and foremost: must be unix-like, must be able to communicate in both ways with an open-wrt router firmware distro and the devices on the local network (android, windows, linux, ipadOS systems). Must be very secure, like enterprise-grade or almost like that. Must be free and open-source. Must be somewhat fault-tolerant (so no Arch or gentoo or anything like that, i don't feel like recompiling the server's system daily). Must have these in base repos or easily installed in other methods: secure ssh client (like openSSH or such caliber), a software that enables me to securely control and see the gui of the server from android (Rustdesk? or such), (optionally i2p, dnscrypt, vpn clients, not needed if the router has them, just in case of emergency), ip camera management software, high-security intrusion-detection system, https server with css and js support (preferably command-line). Window manager: must support a very easy to use and lightweight tiling window manager (like i3wm) or if not, its installation and configuration needs to be possible and documented.

Hardware: affordable, x86_64 architecture, should be able to handle all of these at the same time, without freezing or overheating (i live in Hungary, so should be able to handle up to 40°C air temperature with stock fans or there should be space for more fans. liquid cooling is no-go).

I have considered these operating systems. Are any of these bad ideas? What you recommend that is not here?

AlmaLinux Alpine Linux Ubuntu Server Rhino Linux (unofficial ubuntu rolling) Debian Testing Void Linux FreeBSD

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[–] habitualTartare@lemmy.world 1 points 1 week ago (1 children)

Proxmox has been pretty good to me. I have an ancient office PC that has proxmox installed as the hypervisor. It's based on debian but everything is done via a web interface (you can ssh or whatever into it too if you needed to). Then I have debian with docker containers, TrueNAS, and home assistant all installed as VMs. Benefits to this means you can put mission critical stuff on the "boring" debian and then have fun with whatever you want to tinker with on an entirely different os/Virtual Machine. I also use wireguard easy which is stupid simple to setup a VPN with. I would strongly recommend keeping all management of the server on the local network and use a VPN to connect. This will get you the "enterprise grade" security. Anything public should go through a reverse proxy/DMZ VM if you host something on the Internet. Use cloudflare or similar as an extra layer if you need a domain name and want a buffer between users and your network. Keep that device and software up to date and you should have a great defense.

IDS wise, it's a lot of work. You're better off spending that time working on building security by design by doing the above and ensuring anything that touches the public Internet has as little permissions as possible (no running the web server as root/user account), firewall management, etc. If you do want the challenge, or are Interested in learning something like security onion, wazuah or whatnot, don't let it stop you.

Hardware wise, affordable and uptime could mean it might be cheaper to have a backup machine. Proxmox has features to support high availability where if one of your physical servers go down, another can take over (2 physical servers that are copies of each other). You could have a decent workstation and then a used PC or whatnot as the backup. More important is probably a UPS and some workstation gear unless you want a screaming server jet in whatever room it goes in. Nothing you've mentioned seems too performance heavy so technical PC recommendations are going to vary based on expected traffic or use cases. My 2014 DDR3 office PC manages just fine but it's for very few people and in air conditioned space. You could probably price out mid grade consumer equipment for the main server and a used office PC for redundancy.

[–] kekmacska@lemmy.zip 1 points 1 week ago (1 children)

is it a big problem if i don't use virtualization? And i think if i ever need a public website, i will use an another machine to host that, or a docker. Also, what kind of cpu is needed and how much ram? i don't want a headless server, since survallience stuff needs graphical enviroment, my best bet would be a lightweight x11 window manager

[–] habitualTartare@lemmy.world 2 points 1 week ago (1 children)

Virtualization can be nice in that you can tinker and not worry about dependencies. Plus you can have one resource that's stable on FreeBSD, another that works well on Unix, etc.

Headless servers can run surveillance stuff via web interfaces or API/app integrations. Plus you can use the GUI via vnc, spice or another service to get to your x11 environment. I find proxmox easier than docker/containers as most of my troubleshooting is there. I've got security cameras linked to home assistant and it's all headless. You could plug a monitor in and pass that to a virtual machine to get the desktop experience.

Hardware recommendations are going to need more information. Number of users? Number of cameras/tasks the server is expected to do concurrently, will you have media/NAS hosting and if so, how much space and how fast do you want that to be?

Your use case in the OP for less than 4 users could probably be run on a potato (my potato is bottlenecked by wifi @ 10MBps). 10-15 users streaming media or 20 cameras constantly streaming to a monitor could easily eat up a decent chunk of resources.

If you're not exposing anything to the Internet, you probably don't need an IDS. It's a lot of effort to reduce false positives/tune it and the benefits are probably not worth it unless this is a business use case. Enterprise IDS/SIEMS used by actual companies is typically not FOSS because it needs that support provided by the vendor.

[–] kekmacska@lemmy.zip 1 points 1 week ago (1 children)

it will be around 5-15 users at the same time (end devices), 5-10 cameras (720p, 25fps, with lightweight motion detection), it will surely host that, and some ids like Snort or Suricata (not actual enterprise software, only something that is open-source and tries to imitate such security), maybe 1-5 static websites. In emergency, it will take the file server, i2p, dnscrypt, vpn hosting as well. And there should be still some resources free, for stability and performance. I have 15-20 mb/s wi-fi, according to ookla speedtests and torrent downloads (i'm living next to a forest). oh and i would like to mitigate ddos attacks, at least with the basic blackholing method (redirecting excess traffic to localhost). However, if i can configure a more reliable method, then i will use that

[–] habitualTartare@lemmy.world 2 points 1 week ago* (last edited 1 week ago) (1 children)

Based on your description, your exposing something to the Internet. You absolutely should have things virtualized/containers and use a reverse proxy. Use cloudflare for the domain name registration and take advantage of their ddos protection. Keeping everything virtualized/separated would also give an IDS a fighting chance since they'd have to pivot if you bothered to setup firewalls between the devices.

If you have the space for some used servers, you can find something affordable. Any enterprise server will be loud and electricity costs should be factored.

If you don't have the space for a noisy server, an old workstation on the used market can be affordable. Otherwise you can build something yourself using consumer parts. Ryzen 5 (Ryzen will allow you to use ECC RAM which is something you might want) or an i7/Xeon from the previous generation or two should be more than enough. Add 32-64Gb of RAM and a SSD boot drive. I'd probably get HDDs designed for surveillance to save cost and put your file server storage on an SSD separate from the OS. Backups on VMs are stupid easy too which means you're more likely to bother using and testing them.

Edit: forgot about GPU. If you're using as a media server and need transcoding or another reason, an external GPU like the Nvidia p600 m4000 will work. Use this link to figure out what you need (you don't have to use Plex it's just a guideline)

[–] kekmacska@lemmy.zip 1 points 1 week ago (1 children)

i really need such strong hardware for hosting these basic things? my dream gaming pc isn't that powerful. This seems very unrealistic, what you mentioned is top-tier hardware

[–] habitualTartare@lemmy.world 1 points 1 week ago (1 children)

All of those components should be used and a few generations behind to save cost. A used Quadro m4000 is about $100 usd in the US. A used Xeon based office PC all in should be ~$400-600 USD max stateside and you can find whichever drives you need to add. I don't know what your local economy is like or what you can expect. If you're able to find a used office PC or and older device, give that a try and see if it works. If you have 15 users all hitting a computer it's going to take resources. Those resources are going to depend on what they're doing. If you want enterprise fault tolerance, ECC may be worth the extra cost. If you want to budget it out you can probably get everything you want running on something 4-5 generations behind for around $100 USD + drives cost.

Consider if you're going media streaming like a Plex/jellyfin server. It would be kinda similar to playing 15 YouTube videos on your desktop.

If it's 15 users with maybe 2-3 hitting it at any one time then you can build cheaper and get decent performance. If you're just hosting static pages/simple programs with low resource requirements anything post 2010 with 4 cores and 8GB RAM will probably run it fine and work as file storage for cameras.

[–] kekmacska@lemmy.zip 0 points 1 week ago (1 children)

any quadro cards are very rare in my country, it is hard to find one, especially on the used market. And around 4-5 users will go on the network at the same time, plus the cameras. 400$ would be too much, but 100$ is pretty good. currently i'm browsing used PCs from 2012-2016 around the 100$ category

[–] habitualTartare@lemmy.world 1 points 1 week ago

In that case, and if you do need a gpu (such as jellyfin, Plex or another reason) look at the GPU transcoding link in my previous comment. You can flash Nvidia consumer cards or price compare with Intel A series GPUs. This means a bit of tinkering but if you need transcoding and cheap Quadros aren't available to you, it's an option.

You can always go for a used PC with integrated graphics like Intel and see if that works for your use case. Follow the recommendation for a big case with lots of space, look at any of the dell Optiplex or similar office PCs. If you have specific applications Google them + minimum or recommended requirements. An SSD as a boot drive is absolutely worth it over an HDD.

Your camera setup probably won't need an external graphics card but if it does you can always upgrade later.