this post was submitted on 12 Sep 2024
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Do you have a source for that? I am unaware of any modern hard drives that support reading individual bits; the minimum unit of data that can be read is generally one sector, or 512 bytes. If the sector fails to be read, the drive will usually attempt to read it several times before giving up and reporting a read error to the PC.
Data recovery companies can remove the platters from a damaged drive and put them in a working drive, as long as the platters are in good condition, preventing further damage. (If the platters themselves are damaged, you're screwed either way).
This is the best I can find in a pinch. It's possible it reads at the sector level and repairs at the bit level. It's been awhile since I've been knee deep in Steve's ass and testimonials. Old Security Now episodes have a lot of info on how it works.
https://www.grc.com/sr/faq.htm
Data recovery companies work the hardware which can be a point of failure. Spinrite tries to recover the data before the hardware fails. The greater density a disk has, the more failures are expected and error correction just assigns bad sectors as they fail. Between that and the OS, my understanding is that the slow degradation of a drive is managed until it can't be. Even running Spinrite on a new drive is beneficial because new drives come with bad sectors. By assigning them as bad up front you get ahead of bad sectors and even can catch a lemon before it crashes. I've recovered unreadable drives with Spinrite. It's impressive. It doesn't solve all issues, but it's really good.
I talk out of my ass at times, and the bit level statement could be one of them. Nevertheless Spinrite is a little known but amazing tool for HDD and SDD maintenance and recovery. Just go hop over to the forums. I used to be a member in them back in the late 2000s. You'll see. There are deep drive nerds and they know their stuff.