Wait, they pay for this? And I'm out here sharing medical info for free. Sign me up!

I don't think anything is risk-free, including the vital molecules that we need to live. But caffeine has way a longer and significant list of health benefits that offset the risks at even moderate doses. So much so that there's enough evidence to encourage people to drink more as a prophylaxis. That list includes protection from gallstones, cancers, asthma, diabetes, Alzheimer's, and cardiovascular disease among other thing like a potential aide in weight loss and even a significant performance boost in sports. What's more, there have been large cohort studies that have found a 3% decreased in risk of developing arrhythmia per daily cup even when controlling for genetics. So the risks shouldn't be used to discourage or scare people away from a proven benefit when the therapeutic window includes up to 4 cups a day. Would I risk the occasional insomnia, headaches, and temporary increase in blood pressure for all the other positive effects given such a lenient margin? Absolutely.

So, really, the public perception that caffeine is somehow dangerous for being labeled a drug is on par with the belief that other substances are inherently dangerous. I think it spills over from the war on drugs, and the delusion of clean eating that often emerges from the dregs of misinformation on the internet and those who perpetuate those beliefs for monetary gain within the wellness communities, ironically enough.

but it being pushed as "healthy" is also a stretch

With so many health benefits and mild side effects, it's hard to say that it's unhealthy when it protects you from various serious conditions. It can most definitely be part of a healthy diet.

However, the amount regularly consumed by US adults on average is 135 mg or 1.5 cups, which is well below the maximum recommended dose of 400 mg or 4 cups of coffee per day, which is in itself a conservative estimate as with all official guidances. To put that into perspective, but by no means to compare it with long-term consumption, you'd need to drink about 10 g in 100 cups in one sitting to reach toxic levels.

Surprisingly enough, and just to entertain the idea, there are some instances of increasing returns from a higher caffeine intake. A modest calorie burn for weight loss from caffeine would require 6 cups on average, which--although a large amount and not generally recommended--is still clinically safe to consume. An increased intake is also associated with a lower risk of gallstones. Even the American College of Cardiology has published a note encouraging users to drink more than the average nationwide to reap the benefits. Other sources put that number at 3 cups daily. And although moderate drinkers of 3-5 cups per day show a 15% reduction of cardiovascular disease, heavy drinkers of 6 cups or more per day are neither associated with an increase nor decreased risk. I even remember reading at some point that heavier users become more resilient to caffeine's cardiovascular effects than casual drinkers but my Google-fu was not strong enough to recover the source but I'll edit if I stumble across it.

So there you have it. The window of what's considered a low risk or healthy intake of caffeine is much wider than what's generally expected. In fact, it can be used and it's recommended as a prophylaxis for certain conditions without a significant tradeoff in healthy adults, and there's plenty of evidence to support that.

And no, this wasn't paid by big coffee, but if you know that they're hiring, send them my info.