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In your scenario I don't think I'd use Proxmox as you're going to run into issues with lack of RAM. I think you're going to have issues running out of memory either way though. Running the whole machine as a Docker node would probably be more memory-efficient than having the overhead of running separate VMs under Proxmox.
NGINX should run fine as a container. There's even an official build available on Docker Hub.
I think you should be able to run containers directly on Proxmox, and have enough RAM to run one VM for the thing that can't be containerized.
That is also a fine approach, didn’t think of that. I never worked with Proxmox, and had no idea i can run containers directly on it. How would restoring a container work in that case?
Example, i purchase another machine, install fresh proxmox on it, can i simply restore the containers from the original machine without any additional configuration?
The containers in Proxmox (LXC Containers) are a little different from Docker containers. You can't deploy Docker containers directly as LXC containers. You can, however, run an LXC container and install Docker on it, then run Docker containers there.
Am i getting this right:
Install Debian, setup a VM for the service (2gb, 2 cores) Install Docker on the same Debian OS, without virtualization, deploy containers?
I totally missed that you have an uncontainerized service. Can you run the service directly on the hardware host (safely)? If so, here's how I would probably run it considering your memory constraints:
Not the cleanest/most separated answer but it would reduce the memory load of additional layers of host/VM/containers. If this isn't storing any sensitive data or being directly exposed to the internet that should be fine.
If you are dealing with sensitive data or exposing to the internet, I would consider your original plan of Proxmox VMs to separate everything but see if you can add additional RAM to help. Also consider installing something like fail2ban on every host and VM.