I’m designing a solarpunk city for my next novel and am exploring my options for streetlights. On the one hand, light pollution harms wildlife and humans. It also uses energy. On the other, well-lit streets increase the perception of safety. This is not to say good lighting prevents crime. If anything, it facilitates it. Further, you would expect crime to be less in a solarpunk city that prioritizes mutual aid, minimizes wealth disparity, and fights toxic masculinity. However, we should not discount the feeling of danger from darkness.
Personally, I’m male presenting, actively seek out dangerous situations, and have a high tolerance for horror movies. My first inclination is that streetlights should go. That said, once I got caught out at night in the woods. I was immediately terrified. And I had my phone light with me. In short, if a city is not lit, I suspect few people would venture out at night.
1- Mostly Dark-
A city could remove all street lights. People would instead rely on personal lighting: head lamps and flashlights. This would be more efficient and less harmful. Curbs and other critical areas could be marked (not illuminated) by glow-in-the-dark paint or bioluminescent algae or plants. There would be some light from open windows.
2- Lightly Lit-
Streetlights with caps that aim light downward, wavelengths skew into the redder side of the spectrum, and the minimum illumination required to see. Amber light is less harmful. Brighter lights create more shadows. An example of a city using this minimal approach is Canberra, as light pollution would jeopardize local observatories.
3- Cinderella Lighting -
Bright streetlights switch off at a specific time, such as midnight. This would allow people to enjoy some nighttime hours, while leaving others to more natural darkness. This is the scenario I used in my previous solarpunk novels.
Do let me know your preference and awesome ideas.
What about some combination of 2 and 3 with "smart" control, like motion activated or buttons that light up a street for the next 500m or so and turn off after some time
I do not have much faith in motion sensors differentiating between animals and humans. Also, if they only turn on when your close, that might not help with perceived danger.
I'm not sure differentiation is necessary. Critter goes by, light comes on, nothing else moves, light goes off. Happens all the time with the (obnoxiously bright) motion lights my neighbors have.
So far as the sensor goes, have them networked. Activating one lights up the next light in either direction, and across the street. Then rolls with the movement. Part of my brain is thinking that bad actors would find a way to abuse this, though.
Fair point, but I think there are technical solutions for differentiation
Another more crazy idea could be to use a remote (e.g. a smartphone) which communicates with lights to automatically have illuminaiton around you from public lights. People could even set their own brightness
That's an interesting idea - instead of carrying a flashlight you might carry an RFID transponder. They'd need to not be linked to any personal records (such as purchase) to protect anonymity and prevent tracking. And a personal flashlight might still be useful.
I'm not sure I love the idea of lights flicking on, identifying where I am to someone waiting in the dark. Maybe it would turn on lights for a block length on the street or something? I'm also wondering if the reduced on-off cycling would wear out lights faster and, if so, how replacing them more often stacks up to more energy spent running them all the time.
Still it's an interesting compromise position on the light pollution situation.
You could have some device issued to citizens activates lights when in range to get around that (good luck, tourists! Though I suppose loaners would exist).